Macular degeneration is the leading cause of
blindness in America. It results from changes or deterioration to a part of the retina called the macula, which is responsible for the central part of your vision. The retina is the light-sensing lining of the inside of the eye, and the macula is the area of the retina with the highest concentration of cone cells, which supply color and detail vision. If the macula deteriorates or is damaged, a person's peripheral (side) vision remains intact, but the ability to see color and detail is threatened. The most common cause of macular degeneration is age; it is usually referred to as AMD, or age-related macular degeneration. Recent studies have shown that smoking can more than double the risk of developing AMD; other risk factors include having a family history of AMD, and being female or Caucasian.
About 85% of those with macular degeneration have the dry form, for
which there is no known treatment. Dry AMD is caused by a breakdown of the underlying blood supply to the macula, resulting in the slow death of the cells of the macula and loss of vision in that area. The less common wet form is caused by leakage of blood or fluid under the macula, causing the macula to detach from its underlying blood supply, resulting in a faster but similar vision loss. Wet AMD may respond
to laser procedures, if diagnosed and treated early.
Some common symptoms are a gradual loss of ability to see objects
clearly, distorted vision, a gradual loss of color vision and a dark or
empty area appearing in the center of vision. AMD may also cause straight lines, such as road stripes or door edges, to appear as if they have a wave or bump in them. AMD can be hard to notice, however, because you may not be able to see any of these symptoms unless you cover the other eye. To test yourself for AMD with an Amsler Grid, click here.
If you experience any of these, contact your Doctor of Optometry immediately for a comprehensive examination.
Central vision that is lost to macular degeneration cannot be
restored. However devices such as magnifiers, that enlarge print, or telescopes that enlarge more distant objects, can be prescribed, and can often help. An evaluation by a Doctor of Optometry who specializes in low vision can ensure that someone with AMD will get the most out of their remaining
vision.
Recent research indicates certain vitamins and minerals may help
prevent or slow the progression of macular degeneration. Ask your Doctor of Optometry about these. After age 60, an annual, comprehensive optometric
eye examination is important to help detect diseases like AMD, maintain eye health, and maximize your visual function.
